The RQ-21A Blackjack provides the warfighter with dedicated day and night Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) coverage, target acquisition, and communication relay via a dedicated. Insitu has been awarded a $390.3 million contract to provide RQ-21A Blackjack unmanned aerial vehicles to the US Navy, US Marine Corps and a number of foreign military sales (FMS) customers. Under the terms of the firm-fixed-price, indefinite-delivery/indefinite-quantity contract, up to 63 attrition air vehicles will be. The RQ-21A Blackjack provides the warfighter with dedicated day and night Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) coverage, target acquisition, and communication relay via a dedicated.
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| RQ-21 Blackjack | |
|---|---|
| RQ-21A Small Tactical Unmanned Air System (STUAS) in flight | |
| Role | Unmanned air vehicle |
| National origin | United States |
| Manufacturer | Insitu wholly owned subsidiary of Boeing Defense, Space & Security |
| First flight | 28 July 2012 |
| Introduction | April 2014 |
| Status | In service |
| Primary users | United States Marine Corps United States Navy |
| Number built | 109 systems with 5 air vehicles each (estimated through FY2017)[1][2][3][4] |
| Program cost | US$559 million (estimated U.S. DoD cost for 104 systems through FY2017)[1] |
| Developed from | Boeing Insitu ScanEagle |
The Boeing Insitu RQ-21 Blackjack, formerly called the Integrator, is an Americanunmanned air vehicle designed and built by Boeing Insitu to meet a United States Navy requirement for a small tactical unmanned air system (STUAS).[5] It is a twin-boom, single-engine monoplane, designed as a supplement to the Boeing Scan Eagle.[5] The Integrator weighs 61 kg (134 lb) and uses the same launcher and recovery system as the Scan Eagle.[5]
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Development[edit]
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The RQ-21 was selected in June 2010 over the Raytheon Killer Bee, AAI Aerosonde, and General Dynamics/Elbit Systems Storm.[6]
The RQ-21A Integrator first flew on 28 July 2012.[5] On 10 September 2012, the Integrator entered developmental testing with a 66-minute flight. The Navy launched one using a pneumatic launcher and a recovery system known as Skyhook. This eliminates the need for runways and enables a safe recovery and expeditionary capability for tactical missions on land or sea. At the current testing rate, Initial Operational Capability (IOC) was expected in 2013.[7]
On 10 February 2013, the Integrator completed its first at-sea flight from the USS Mesa Verde, a San Antonio-class amphibious transport dock. This followed completing three months of land-based flights.[8]
On 19 February 2013, Insitu completed the first flight of the RQ-21A Block II. It weighs 121 lb (55 kg) and flew for 2 hours. It was controlled by a new ground control system meant to integrate dissimilar UAV systems. The Block II has the sensor from the Nighteagle, the night version of the ScanEagle, and is designed to operate in high-temperature environments.[9]
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On 15 May 2013, the Department of the Navy announced that the RQ-21A Integrator received Milestone C approval authorizing the start of low-rate initial production. With Milestone C approval, the Integrator entered production and deployment.[10]
On 12 June 2013, the RQ-21A completed its first East Coast flight from Webster Field Annex, starting the next phase of tests for the Integrator. The UAV was launched with a pneumatic launcher, flew for 1.8 hours, and was recovered with an Insitu-built system known as the STUAS Recovery System (SRS), which allows safe recovery of the STUAS on land or at sea. This phase of testing was to validate updates made to the aircraft which include software, fuselage, and camera enhancements. The Integrator was test flown at lower density altitudes. Integrated Operational Test and Evaluation (IOT&E) was scheduled for October 2013.[11]
In September 2013, the Integrator was renamed the RQ-21A Blackjack. On 28 November 2013, the U.S. Navy awarded Boeing Insitu an $8.8 million contract for one low-rate production aircraft in preparation for full-rate production.[12]
In January 2014, the first low-rate production RQ-21A Blackjack began IOT&E for the U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps. Testing was conducted over the next several months to demonstrate its effectiveness in realistic combat conditions.[13] The Navy ordered three Blackjack systems in December 2014.[14] By July 2015, the Navy had received two Blackjack systems.[15] In July 2018, the Marines phased out the RQ-7 Shadow in favor of the Blackjack.[16]
Design[edit]
The RQ-21A Blackjack is designed to support the U.S. Marine Corps by providing forward reconnaissance. A Blackjack system is composed of five air vehicles and two ground control systems. The air vehicles can be launched on land or on a ship by a rail and land using a 'skyhook' recovery system, where a vertical wire must be hooked onto its wing; when on the ground, the launch and recovery systems are towable by vehicles. Its wingspan is 16 ft (4.9 m) and it can carry a 39 lb (18 kg) payload. The day/night camera can achieve resolution rating of 7 on the NIIRS scale at 8,000 ft (2,400 m).[6]
The Marines are working with Insitu to modify the Blackjack fuselage to carry greater and more various payloads. Enlarging the fuselage would increase its maximum takeoff weight from 135 lb (61 kg) to 145 lb (66 kg) and lengthen endurance from 16 hours to 24 hours. New turrets are being explored as well as other payloads including a synthetic-aperture radar to track ground targets, a laser designator to mark targets for precision-guided munitions, and foliage-penetration capabilities for foreign customers operating in lush environments.[6] The Office of Naval Research (ONR) plans to add a sensor to the Blackjack that combines an electro-optical camera, wide area imager, short wave infrared hyperspectral imager, and a high-resolution camera for use as an inspection sensor into a single payload by 2020.[17]
In Marines service, the Blackjack sometimes uses the designation MQ-21,[18] where the 'M' prefix indicates 'ground launched, mobile' operations, versus the 'R' prefix indicating operating from a surface ship.[19]
Operational history[edit]
The U.S. Marine Corps deployed its first RQ-21A Blackjack system to Afghanistan in late April 2014. One Blackjack system is composed of five air vehicles, two ground control systems, and launch and recovery support equipment. It supports intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) missions using multi-intelligence payloads including day and night full-motion video cameras, an infrared marker, a laser range finder, a communications relay package, and automatic identification system receivers.[20] The models in Afghanistan were early operational capability (EOC) aircraft without shipboard software or testing. Deploying the aircraft on the ground was a method to detect and fix problems early to avoid delaying the project.[6] The RQ-21 returned from its deployment on 10 September 2014 after flying nearly 1,000 hours in 119 days in theater. EOC Blackjacks will continue to be used for training, while completion of shipboard testing is planned to result in the system's first ship-based deployment in spring 2015.[21]
Morongo casino resort and spa seminole drive cabazon california. The Marine Corps declared Initial Operational Capability (IOC) for the RQ-21A Blackjack in January 2016.[22] During the summer of 2016, MARSOC deployed the RQ-21A to Iraq.[23]
Full rate productions of the RQ-21A has been delayed because of serious system quality issues. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) issued reviews on the program in 2013, 2014, and 2015. The 2015 report indicates that many of these issues have not been resolved, despite OSD reporting issues in previous years. The 2015 report stated that the RQ-21A was 'not operationally effective', 'not operationally suitable', that the 'system has exploitable cyber security vulnerabilities, and the overall assessment pointed out several major requirements failures.[24]
Operators[edit]
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Morongo casino resort and spa seminole drive cabazon california. The Marine Corps declared Initial Operational Capability (IOC) for the RQ-21A Blackjack in January 2016.[22] During the summer of 2016, MARSOC deployed the RQ-21A to Iraq.[23]
Full rate productions of the RQ-21A has been delayed because of serious system quality issues. The Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) issued reviews on the program in 2013, 2014, and 2015. The 2015 report indicates that many of these issues have not been resolved, despite OSD reporting issues in previous years. The 2015 report stated that the RQ-21A was 'not operationally effective', 'not operationally suitable', that the 'system has exploitable cyber security vulnerabilities, and the overall assessment pointed out several major requirements failures.[24]
Operators[edit]
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- Canada
- Department of National Defence – 1 system purchased which includes 5 aircraft. The DND was also the first international customer for the UAS.[25]
- Royal Canadian Navy – The RQ-21 Blackjack UAV contact was extended to include the installation of UAV launch, recovery and control capability on all Halifax-class patrol frigates.[26]
- Netherlands
- Royal Netherlands Army – 5 systems on order expected to enter service in 2014.[27]
- Poland
- Polish Land Forces – Order for an unknown number of systems placed in February 2018.[28] First aircraft delivered in April 2018.[29]
- Polish Special Forces – 1 aircraft ordered in August 2018.[30]
- United States
- United States Marine Corps – 32 systems on order each with five air vehicles each. One hundred systems planned by FY2017.[2]
- United States Navy – 25 systems on order each with five air vehicles each.[6]
An unidentified Middle Eastern customer purchased six systems.[6]
Specifications[edit]
Data from[31] Product Page
General characteristics
Rq-21a Blackjack Armed
- Length: 8.2 ft (2.5 m)
- Wingspan: 16 ft (4.9 m)
- Empty weight: 81 lb (37 kg)
- Max takeoff weight: 135 lb (61 kg)
- Powerplant: 1 × EFI Piston Engine, 8 hp (6.0 kW)
- Propellers: 2-bladed
Performance
- Maximum speed: 100 mph (170 km/h, 90 kn)
- Cruise speed: 63 mph (100 km/h, 55 kn)
- Range: 58 mi (93 km, 50 nmi) [23]
- Endurance: 16 hours
- Service ceiling: 19,500 ft (5,900 m)
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See also[edit]
Related development
Related lists
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References[edit]
- ^ ab'APPROPRIATION/BUDGET ACTIVITY 1319: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Navy BA 7: Operational Systems Development'(PDF). PE 0305234M: (U)RQ-21A (STUASL0). U.S. Navy. February 2012. pp. 1, 3. Archived(PDF) from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ abUnder Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics (April 2012). 'Department of Defense Report to Congress on Future Unmanned Aircraft Systems Training, Operations, and Sustainability'(PDF). U.S. Department of Defense. Archived(PDF) from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^'The Boeing Insitu RQ-21 Integrator UAV is expected to reach operational capability in the US military during 2013'. Military Factory. 4 March 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2013.
- ^OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (COMPTROLLER) / CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER. 'PROGRAM ACQUISITION COST BY WEAPON SYSTEM'(PDF). UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FISCAL YEAR 2014 BUDGET REQUEST. U.S. Department of Defense. p. 12. Archived from the original(PDF) on 3 September 2013. Retrieved 18 September 2013.
- ^ abcd'RQ-21A Integrator completes first flight'. Archived from the original on 10 August 2012. Retrieved 2 August 2012.
- ^ abcdefU.S. Marine Corps Explores Extended-Range BlackjackArchived 13 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine - Aviationweek.com, 12 May 2014
- ^Navy, Marines Begin RQ-21 Developmental Flight TestingArchived 2 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine - Newsmilitary.com, 11 September 2012
- ^RQ-21A Small Tactical Unmanned Air System Completes First Ship-Based FlightArchived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine - NAVAIR.Navy.mil, 12 February 2013
- ^Insitu completes RQ-21A Block II first flightArchived 2 January 2014 at the Wayback Machine - Flightglobal.com, 19 February 2013
- ^Navy and Marine Corps Small Tactical UAS Enters Production PhaseArchived 11 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine - NAVAIR.Navy.mil, 21 May 2013
- ^RQ-21A Small UAS Completes First East Coast FlightArchived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine - Navy.mil, 14 June 2013
- ^Navy buys one Insitu RQ-21A Blackjack UAV in preparation for ramping-up productionArchived 3 December 2013 at the Wayback Machine - sUASNews.com, 29 November 2013
- ^RQ-21A Blackjack begins operational test phaseArchived 1 February 2014 at the Wayback Machine - NAVAIR.Navy.mil, 28 January 2014
- ^US NAVAIR orders three Blackjack UAV systemsArchived 8 January 2015 at the Wayback Machine - Flightglobal.com, 8 January 2015
- ^US Navy purchases six more Insitu RQ-21A Blackjack systemsArchived 3 August 2015 at the Wayback Machine - Flightglobal.com, 30 July 2015
- ^Marines Bring Shadow Operations to an EndArchived 5 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine. Aviation International News. 2 August 2018.
- ^US Navy orders super-sensor for RQ-21 UASArchived 15 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine - Flightglobal.com, 14 October 2015
- ^[1]Archived 28 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine - Aviationweek.com, 27 October 2016
- ^[2]Archived 18 May 2019 at the Wayback Machine - Designationsystems.net, 2018
- ^Marines deploy with 1st, unmanned RQ-21A Blackjack systemArchived 8 May 2014 at the Wayback Machine - Asdnews.com, 8 May 2014
- ^Small UAS returns from first operational deployment - NAVAIR.Navy.mil, 25 September 2014
- ^United States Marines Corps to procure one hundred UAV Blackjack systems by 2017Archived 24 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine - Armyrecognition.com, 22 January 2016
- ^ abMarine Special Operators Fly New Surveillance Drone in IraqArchived 2 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine - Military.com, 8 October 2016
- ^'Archived copy'(PDF). Archived(PDF) from the original on 20 September 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/nova-scotia/canada-surveillance-drones-military-1.3680290Archived 5 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine - CBCNews, 15 July 2016
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 9 October 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^Article about ScanEagle and RQ-21Archived 16 November 2012 at the Wayback Machine - dutchdefencepress.com, Oktober 12, 2012
- ^Jennings, Gareth (8 February 2018). 'Poland to acquire Integrator STUAS'. IHS Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 9 February 2018. Retrieved 9 February 2018.
- ^Jennings, Gareth (3 April 2018). 'Poland acquires Blackjack UAS'. IHS Jane's 360. London. Archived from the original on 13 April 2018. Retrieved 13 April 2018.
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2019.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- ^'Archived copy'. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 25 September 2015.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
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Insitu Inc., Bingen, Washington, is awarded a $53,965,378 firm-fixed-price contract to procure four full-rate production, Lot II RQ-21A Blackjack unmanned aircraft systems and eight attrition air vehicles; seven for the Marine Corps and one for the government of Poland. Additionally, this contract award includes the procurement of ground control stations, launch and recovery equipment, shipboard equipment kits as well as systems engineering and program management support. Work will be performed in Bingen, Washington (70 percent); and Hood River, Oregon (30 percent), and is expected to be completed in June 2019. Fiscal 2018 procurement (Marine Corps); fiscal 2018 overseas contingency operations (Marine Corps); and Foreign Military Sales (FMS) funds in the amount of $53,965,378 will be obligated at the time of award, none of which will expire at the end of the current fiscal year. This contract combines purchases for the Marine Corps ($52,765,378; 98 percent); and FMS ($1,200,000; 2 percent). This contract was not competitively procured pursuant to Federal Acquisition Regulation 6.302-1. The Naval Air Systems Command, Patuxent River, Maryland, is the contracting activity (N00019-18-C-0052).
